This dataset contains our distribution dataset for 262 species of brachyuran crabs in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, along with data from published literature and checklists covering this region. Global geographic information and diversity patterns of brachyuran crabs are still not fully understood in this region, and there is certainly a data knowledge gap in open-access databases. One of the reasons of the less available data on marine fauna in the Persian Gulf is that the majority of data and publications by local scientists are in the local language and have never been translated to English and are thus missing from the international databases. The majority of the data in the Persian Gulf used in this study are unique and partially fill knowledge gaps.